José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi (Mexico City, 1776–1827), known as "El Pensador Mexicano", was a prominent writer, journalist, and precursor of the novel in Latin America. His most famous work, El Periquillo Sarniento (1816), is considered the first novel written in Latin America. Other notable works include La Quijotita y su prima (1818), Noches tristes y día alegre (1818) and Don Catrín de la Fachenda (published posthumously in 1832). These novels, framed in the picaresque and costumbrista genre, combine social criticism with a moralizing and educational approach
In addition to his literary work, Fernández de Lizardi was a fervent defender of freedom of expression and actively participated in the Mexican independence movement. In 1812, he founded the newspaper El Pensador Mexicano, from which he openly criticized the viceregal government, earning him censorship and imprisonment. His commitment to social justice and popular education established him as a key figure in the transition from New Spain to independent Mexico.
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