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Animal Farm (Wordsworth Classics)
George Orwell
Synopsis "Animal Farm (Wordsworth Classics)"
In 1943, there was an urgent need for Animal Farm. The Soviet Union had become Britain’s ally in the war against Nazi Germany, and criticism of Stalin’s brutal regime was either censored or discouraged. In any case, many intellectuals on the left still celebrated the Soviet Union, claiming that the terrors of its show trials, summary executions and secret police were either exaggerated or necessary. But, to Orwell, Stalin was always a “disgusting murderer” and he wanted to remind people of this fact in a powerful and memorable way. But how to do it? A political essay would never reach a wide enough audience; a traditional novel would take too long to write. Orwell hit on the inspired idea of combining the moralism of the traditional ‘beast fable’ with the satire of Gulliver’s Travels. A group of farmyard animals, led by the pigs, overthrow their human masters. Their revolution is inspired by high ideals: the farm will be run in the interests of its animals with no more slaughtering, plenty of food for all and comfort in retirement. But when Napoleon the pig takes command, he quickly corrupts their principles, creating a new tyranny worse than the old. Orwell wrote Animal Farm in the middle of the Second World War, but at first no publishers wanted to touch it. It was finally published in August 1945, once the war was over. This little book quickly became a seminal text in the emerging ‘cold war’ (a phrase that Orwell himself coined). It also became a site of that conflict itself, suffering various attempts to subvert or change its meaning. Today, Animal Farm remains a powerful fable about the nature of tyranny and corruption which applies for all ages. Our edition also includes the following essays: Shooting an Elephant; Charles Dickens; Inside the Whale; The Frontiers of Art and Propaganda; Literature and Totalitarianism; Fascism and Democracy; Patriots and Revolutionaries; Catastrophic Gradualism; Some Thoughts on the Common Toad; Why I Write; Writers and Leviathan
Eric Arthur Blair (Motihari, Raj Británico, 25 de junio de 1903-Londres, Reino Unido, 21 de enero de 1950), conocido por su seudónimo de George Orwell, fue un novelista, periodista, ensayista y crítico británico nacido en la India, autor entre otras obras de las novelas distópicas Rebelión en la granja (1945) y 1984 (1949).
Su obra lleva la marca de las experiencias autobiográficas vividas por el autor en tres etapas de su vida: su posición en contra del imperialismo británico que lo llevó al compromiso como representante de las fuerzas del orden colonial en Birmania durante su juventud; a favor del socialismo democrático, después de haber observado y sufrido las condiciones de vida de las clases sociales de los trabajadores de Londres y París; y en contra de los totalitarismos nazi y estalinista tras su participación en la guerra civil española, en el bando republicano.
Además de cronista, crítico de literatura y novelista, es uno de los ensayistas en lengua inglesa más destacados de las décadas de 1930 y de 1940. También es conocido por sus críticas al totalitarismo en su novela corta alegórica Rebelión en la granja (1945) y su novela distópica 1984 (1949), escrita en sus últimos años de vida y publicada poco antes de su fallecimiento, y en la que crea el concepto de «Gran Hermano», que desde entonces pasó al lenguaje común de la crítica de las técnicas modernas de vigilancia.
